Alan

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A suitable placement: no place for kids

Dudley Corrected

In 1990 or thereabouts I met a guy called Richard Ross (American) in Vienna. He was part of a photographic show that a friend of mine had curated called Reinventing the American Dream. At the time I had no idea that he and I would become great lifelong friends. I had no idea how much I would end up respecting this man – respecting his craft as a photographer, respecting his sharp intelligence, respecting him as a human being and ultimately respecting him for the work he has tirelessly undertaken over the last 5 years.

Because what Ross has done in that time is travel the length and breadth of the United States, photographing and documenting the life of juveniles in “Juuvie”. Juvenile prison. This work builds upon his last project called The Architecture of Authority. This work is called Juveniles In Justice.

I think its an important piece of work, its a very political piece of work, and it is a very powerful piece of work. Ross annotates one of his photographs, a picture of a boy with a massive head scar that covers the entire side of his head, The scar is from a traumatic brain injury. Many of the youth in the system have been the victims of violence, on the streets and at home, resulting in TBI and PTSD. Scars like this, while not common, are not infrequent.

Ross himself writes on his website,

Juvenile In Justice documents the placement and treatment of American juveniles housed by law in facilities that treat, confine, punish, assist and, occasionally, harm them. My medium is a conscience.

For the past five years, I have interviewed and photographed both pre-adjudicated and committed youth in the juvenile justice system. To date, I have interviewed and photographed over 1,000 juveniles and administrators at 300+ facilities in 30 states in the U.S. I have made sure to keep the children’s identities unknown, by either photographing them from behind or obscuring their faces.

I have photographed group homes, police departments, youth correctional facilities, juvenile courtrooms, high schools, shelters, Montessori classrooms, CPS interview rooms, and maximum security lock-down and non-lock-down shelters, to name a few. Earl Dunlap, the Director of Cooke County Detention Center, welcomed me to his facility with the words: “Welcome to the gates of hell.”

In the past I have photographed for major magazines, newspapers and institutions. At this phase in my career I am turning my lens towards the juvenile justice system and using what I have learned in 40+ years of photography to create a database of compelling images to instigate policy reform. My products are unbiased photographic and textual evidence of a system that houses more than 100,000 kids every day.

In the US all prisons are privatised – when you run a ‘for profit’ organisation, you need to input raw material to extract value – cash. In this instance the raw materials are juveniles from whose incarceration cash is extracted via the tax payer. So here’s a simple game plan one invests in prisons, and then lobbies to ensure the law accommodates easier sentencing and longer jail terms – because the more raw material one inputs the more value is extracted. Some Senators are in jail today for doing precisely that.

Ross tells me another story of a young boy, who has mental health problems, and is under 14. He shot his father with a gun. Why? Because his father had systematically raped his son since he could remember, then he started on the boys younger sister – so to protect her he shot his father dead. The boy is in Juuvie. As Ross would say, ‘Go figure’.

In a New York Times article from 2010

Gladys Carrión, New York’s reform-minded commissioner of the Office of Children and Family Services, has been calling on the state to close many of its remote, prison-style juvenile facilities and shift resources and children to therapeutic programs located in their communities. Her efforts have met fierce and predictably self-interested resistance from the unions representing workers in juvenile prisons and their allies in Albany. A recent series of damning reports have underscored the flaws in New York’s juvenile justice system and the urgent need to shut down these facilities.

Not surprisingly, these institutions do a terrible job of rehabilitation. According to a study of children released from custody between 1991 and 1995, 89 percent of the boys and 81 percent of the girls were eventually rearrested. New York’s facilities are so disastrous and inhumane that state officials recently asked the courts to refrain from sending children to them, except in cases in which they presented a clear danger to the public.

And more recently as of the 5th October 2011 the Annie E. Casey Foundation released their new report No Place for Kids: The Case for Reducing Juvenile Incarceration. The report makes a strong case against juvenile incarceration, arguing that they are dangerous, ineffective, unnecessary, obsolete, wasteful and inadequate. The report brings to light physical and sexual abuse by staff, rampant over-use of isolation and restraint methods (Ohio youth spent an average of 50 hours/resident in isolation), violence between juveniles, and more. The report has some very compelling and demonstrative graphics– below is a  map showing where abuse and maltreatment have been documented in the U.S. All the green states are those where “violent/abusive conditions have been clearly documented since 2000.

We don’t think about the system of prison, or at least very few of us do.  But in talking to Ross, and watching him work you can see the unfairness, greed, and a great inhumanity oozing out of every pore of this system. And this work profoundly resonates with me, and with the work I have been doing with No Straight Lines. This for me is an indicator of the fact that we live at the edge of the adaptive range of our industrial society, where we are deconstructing humanity almost to the point of deconstruction.

We must ask ourselves the question, what role does any organisation play in our society? Is it there to serve humanity and society, or is it there to create power? To generate huge revenues for a few at the cost of the many? And we then have to go on and ask and why do we stand for it? Will our conscience stand for it? Is this really the American Dream or is it time to reinvent it?

Juvenile In Justice will be on view at the Nevada Museum of Art in Fall of 2012 and Feldman Gallery in 2013.

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Saturday, 8th October, 2011

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Libel, 25,000 pigs, Carter Ruck and the Soil Association

Pig farm owned by Midlands Pig Producers. Photograph: Caters News Agency

What on earth is Carter Ruck doing sending threatening letters to the Soil Association? As reported by the Guardian: Soil Association given libel warning after objection to huge pig farm. For objecting to what is described as a mega-pig farm something as ominous as Darth Vader and his ever so friendly Death Star seem to be hanging around the Soil Association doing some heavy breathing.

The story in a nutshell -

The organic farmers’ group the Soil Association objected to an application from Midland Pig Producers (MPP) for an intensive pig farm in Foston, Derbyshire, last summer, raising concerns in general terms about disease, antibiotic resistance and animal welfare in large pig herds. The application to South Derbyshire district council was withdrawn after it was ruled that it needed to go to the county council instead. MPP expects to reapply in the next few weeks.

In the meantime The Soil Association receives a letter, marked “private and confidential, not for broadcast” from Carter-Ruck, acting for MPP, saying the Soil Association objection is defamatory and should be withdrawn,

the letter said that the Soil Association’s objections should not be further disseminated and that to do so “would risk incurring considerable liability”. A Carter-Ruck solicitor, Magnus Boyd, told the association that it should instead withdraw its objection from the planning process and meet the company. In a paragraph seen as particularly vicious by the association, Boyd also included a veiled threat that its share in a £16.9m Big Lottery Fund grant for improving school food could be jeopardised.

No one likes a bully

And of course this is where this entire story takes on a significant ethical dimension. As, if you have never experienced the joys of a letter from a lawyer essentially threatening you, you cannot quite understand the effect that has. And so good for you Lord Melchett for standing up to companies that wish to stifle democratic process, and the voice of objection. And its sad that law firms are not prepared to weigh the ethical dimension rather than the weight of the purse. As the Guardian reports:

MPP and Carter-Ruck deny that they are trying to silence opposition and maintain that MPP’s main concern was that debate should be accurate. The company says the association’s objections are not relevant to its proposal and are defamatory. MPP plans to house 2,500 breeding sows and as many as 25,000 pigs and piglets on one site. Following applications for mega-dairies in Lincolnshire and elsewhere, Foston is becoming the focus of a fierce fight over fundamentally opposing visions for British farming. By trying to use British libel laws, which are themselves the subject of heated debate, the pig company has raised the stakes.

The other side of the argument is that the overall economics of pig farming is becoming unsustainable, the pig herd in the UK has collapsed, in similar fashion to many small holders who were locked into an economic model and way of life that was unsustainable when asked to compete against the industrial scale farming in countries such as Canada. Shortly after the Second World War the UK was importing 60%+ of its grain, diary, meat and vegetables, fuelled bizaarely by the left-over nitrogen stockpiled during the war for munitions, and re-created as a miracle grow fertiliser to exponentially increase agricultural output, but with a deadly endgame of extracting more of natures goodness than we could put back, ultimately leaving the earth unable to give what we currently take for granted.

This is important as Yeo Valley has one of the biggest organic sustainable diary herds and businesses in the UK. It has turned itself away from an oil based economic model as Tim Mead believes this is unsustainable too for a number of interlocking problems. So the real problem is a design problem, and the reality is MPP have a particular design approach which includes a particular economic model which is for many – out of step and out of time. For the Soil Association to be told they are libeling their opponents is simply ridiculous. For the Soil Association and there are many who agree, mega–farms represent the quintessential opposite of a sustainable future – Yeo Valley and its continuing commercial success is the perfect example of that.

The Guardian writes that intensive pig farming has also attracted global criticism for its capacity to pollute on a grand scale, the greenhouse gases it produces, the outbreaks of disease from swine flu to foot and mouth in which it has played a part, and its abuse of animal welfare. MPP thinks its proposals have the answer to those criticisms while setting out an economic model that would enable British farmers to survive.

And I know happy, outdoors, free range piggies, taste a lot better than those battery farmed – as we are then eating the pigness of a pig vs. eating a carcass that looks like a pig. Richard Young, the Soil Association’s expert on livestock disease is quoted as saying

Our basic concern is that there is lots of research showing that the more pigs you have together the greater the risk of disease and the greater the potential for amplification of any problems. In theory they are proposing a very clever system, but it’s gold-plating a fundamentally flawed one. Past experience shows this brave new world approach to problems usually goes wrong and when it does the consequences for humans are very serious.

The industrial age is over, industrial age thinking is over, green, sustainable, the respect of all those that walk this planet can be combined with commercial success – but not within the paradigm of straight line thinking, the cold economic logic that fails to see the bigger picture. Joel Salatin is America’s most celebrated pioneer of chemical-free farming (see post system failure – agriculture) and he asks us to take stock, and evolve out thinking and approach to solving what are seemingly intractable problems. Will Mega Farms really be the antidote? What would the working conditions be like? Would it dehumanise those working there? What about the pigs – surely they know outside is better? Can everyone afford meat – should we be eating so much of the stuff? The case for food security has been well made by I am sure another Bete Noir of the Soil Association Patrick Holden.

Lord Melchett says he is very happy to met MPP, but has this to say

It’s the first time to my knowledge that a group like ours has been threatened for taking part in the democratic planning process, which is meant to be where citizens and those who represent different interests have the opportunity to air their case. If [big companies] are going to use libel laws to silence opposition, it does not bode well for the future of our food and farming industry.

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Wednesday, 19th January, 2011

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Exodus: movement of hedge fund people

The Financial Times (October 2 – 2010) reports that one in four hedge funds have moved to offshore companies, and that just two moving to Switzerland will cost the Treasury £200m. Total loss £500m.

Although Britain has a structural deficit of £159.2bn which has a great deal more to do with public spending, and rise, and rise, and rise of the public sector under Labour, the entire financial framework of major economies indicates, that there is overwhelming unfairness in these economies. I think one could change the names of the people who have moved themselves and their money away from the UK and replace them with others, and if the system stays the same, one gets the same result.

Just to repeat, its a systemic problem. At the same time George Osborne on October 20th will announce cuts that are historically unprecedented. These will be far reaching, dramatic, even Shakespearian in their magnitude. Of course, it will not be the hedge fund managers or the merchant bankers that will feel the heat – it will be those that need our help the most, it will be those that are the weakest that will suffer the most. Our world today asks us to question the ethics of the world we live in. Not that in many ways the world is meaner, but I think that through networked communication technologies, we have now the ability to respond to the design problems of the industrial age – that is every single one of us. This is not about protecting the past but about building the future.

The argument has to be for the re-engineering of a society that is more humane and more fair. Something that I outline in my forthcoming book No Straight Lines: how to live, trade, govern and learn in the networked society.

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Sunday, 3rd October, 2010

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What does Big Box retailing do to communities?

The news that Target’s first store opened in Harlem New York has been on my mind, since I read it a few weeks ago.

Nearly 10 years of calculated philanthropy and schmoozing across Harlem, an effort that Minneapolis-based Target has characterized as smart community relations but critics suggested was akin to bribery. Long before the ribbon-cutting, Target had wooed notable Harlem residents with dinner parties, struck deals to carry exclusive gear designed by neighborhood luminaries, and sponsored prominent charitable projects and events, including the refurbishing of a school library and the sprucing up of a rundown lot near the store on 117th Street.

Which is all fabulous, depending on how you look at right? The reality is however this, Target expects, predicts that the store will generate sales of more than $90 million in its first year. My question is where does that money come from? Local shops, local people, local lives? I cannot believe that an extra $90 million is being attracted into Harlem. And of course all the efforts that Target has made in wooing its reluctant lover into bed, has a price tag, it will sit on Targets P&L (Harlem store opening wooing project) and must be ultimately transferred from the “L” to the “P”. Target spent $187 million last year in community based projects. Stuart Appelbaum, president of the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, was quoted in the article,

All these big-box stores who come in try to bribe the community, and they end up spending pennies, for them, which has a big impact for a community. But it’s a disproportionate price that the community ends up paying.

So the question then is this, Big Box Retailing provides a certain value; cost of product, availaibility of product. But is it sustainable? If we take the lesson of Detroit – in the desire to connect people in Detroit to the suburbs entire communities were ripped up, and became dislocated – GM played a primary role in dismantling the street railway system to make way for the freeways that started in the very heart of Detroit. The lesson is, when we design for machines and not to a human scale we end up paying the a price that is too high.

It seems Target has gone to great lengths to fit within the community, how it has engaged, and what it is offering in terms of goods for sale.

Is it Targets fault to want to try and expand? No, not really, it must always show its growing. The problem is the system, how we view commerce in relation to society. Malcolm Gladwell illuminates what I am trying to say,

In the early nineteen-sixties, Jane Jacobs lived on Hudson Street, in Greenwich Village, near the intersection of Eighth Avenue and Bleecker Street. It was then, as now, a charming district of nineteenth-century tenements and town houses, bars and shops, laid out over an irregular grid, and Jacobs loved the neighborhood. In her 1961 masterpiece, “ The Death and Life of Great American Cities ,” she rhapsodized about the White Horse Tavern down the block, home to Irish longshoremen and writers and intellectuals ? a place where, on a winter’s night, as “the doors open, a solid wave of conversation and animation surges out and hits you.”

Her Hudson Street had Mr. Slube, at the cigar store, and Mr. Lacey, the locksmith, and Bernie, the candy-store owner, who, in the course of a typical day, supervised the children crossing the street, lent an umbrella or a dollar to a customer, held on to some keys or packages for people in the neighborhood, and “lectured two youngsters who asked for cigarettes.” The street had “bundles and packages, zigzagging from the drug store to the fruit stand and back over to the butcher’s,” and “teenagers, all dressed up, are pausing to ask if their slips show or their collars look right.” It was, she said, an urban ballet.

The miracle of Hudson Street, according to Jacobs, was created by the particular configuration of the streets and buildings of the neighborhood. Jacobs argued that when a neighborhood is oriented toward the street, when sidewalks are used for socializing and play and commerce, the users of that street are transformed by the resulting stimulation: they form relationships and casual contacts they would never have otherwise.

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Thursday, 9th September, 2010

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Mobile Journey’s

I am 2/6th’s of my journey through Latin America, in which I visit Sao Paulo, Iguassa Falls (pleasure), Santiago, (brief trip to California San Francisco, Los Altos, Santa Barbara and Los Angeles) before rejoing the trail in Mexico, Buenos Aires, Caracas and Bogota.

And what has my journey taught me? Well Latin America has captivated me – as I write this I have just been for a walk from more or less the bottom of Market Street in San Francisco to Mission. It was cool, laid back and hip. But a great deal of human misery passed me on my way though. Santiago felt in fact more safe or perhaps less intensely sad, in some places, than the city I had just been walking in. Not that abject poverty does exist there too – my plane rides taking me from place to place, contained many films of people trying to escape the life sentence of poverty told in a variety of ways – and here I am looking at the sheer beauty of nature at Iguassu or looking out of my hotel room, in Santiago, at the raw beauty of the Andes and remembering the 30+ kids who gasped in awe as the Andres revealed themselves for the first time as our plane descended though the clouds, a young girl smiling saying “Belissimo”, over and over and over again. I mused on how we can pass human misery on any street, anywhere in the world, including the UK – and not blink an eye or shed a tear – its far too dangerous to do that – one would be consumed! But I also marveled at the human capacity for love, and tolerance. A desire for strangers to know you – often the interrogation from the taxi driver or indeed the lovely lady from the Philippines who must have been 70+ offering to give me some ‘home cooking’ when I passed through Los Altos as she shrieked for joy as we sped up river in a motor boat to be soaked by the massive Falls, and who told me that when Helena Roosevelt first saw Iguassu she said, “poor Niagra”.

I was going to talk about mobile enterprise, but my personal journey just seemed far too important for that!

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Saturday, 21st August, 2010

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Journeys into the past to make sense of our present

How do we make the connection between social identity, community, objects and the self?And more importantly why is that important to anyone outside of a university professor? Well it seems to me because our current ongoing communications revolution, all these things play an important role and affect us all in our daily lives.

So if you are interested then read on – this is a note that a PHD student mailed to me after overhearing a conversation I had in Cambridge recently….

“I was sitting in Grad’s cafewhen I accidentally overheard yourself talking to someone about networking and SMLXL.

Now, I have absolutely no knowledge of networking in the modern context and how it relates to businesses; however, what did strike me in the small snippet of conversation that I heard, was that much of what you seem to be talking about runs in parallel to much of the social theory being used within archaeological theory today. Basically, many archaeologists are now beginning to realise that the behaviour of people (I am referring to stuff that was going one about 20,000 years ago when mobile art, figurines and parietal – cave – art largely first appeared in Europe) had much to do with building and maintaining networks, not just with people but also with other elements of the world). Of particular interest is that some archaeologists are now discussing the role of possessing and interacting with mobile (e.g. animal) figurines as a means of creating and maintaining human identity. (This is something explored in Lewis Hyde’s book The Gift, Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World)

Much of the ethnographic data suggests that these people actually thought of these objects, and other things in the world, as  being part of them in a very real way. Thus, when objects such as these are exchanged, it is not simply that they represent the identity of a person (e.g. relative): they actually are part of the person. Archaeologists are also beginning to employ social theories such as Actor-Network Theory to explore such concepts.

What I have now realised is that the way that people engage with objects and media (e.g. mobile phones) in the Western’ world today is not so different to 20,000 years ago. I am not saying that people thought about the world in the same way. But what seems to be apparent, especially with the enormous rise of social networking today, is that human identity is embodied with in the very objects (real and virtual) that people use, and when people communicate with each other it is not simply a matter of communication, but it is in a very real way part of themselves that is being sent/communicated. This is very interesting, because human identity then becomes something which is not confined to the immediacy of the person and the immediate surrounding world, but is distributed throughout the world in the form of pictures, emails etc.

Interaction with these things (both real and virtual) then becomes a matter of necessity, as it did during the Palaeolithic, as their identity or personhood is embodied within these things. No longer can be people be socially secure (i.e. interact with important elements of the known world on a regular basis) through normal modes of communication: in order to maintain a sense of social cohesion people must now continually interact with elements of their identity that are distributed throughout the globe via objects (e.g. phones). Social cohesion becomes a matter of remote rather than direct interaction.

Anyway, to cut a long story a bit shorter, I think that much of the theoretical knowledge that I have in understanding how people interact, and relate to the world around them could be directly transposed and used within a modern-day context. Not only that, I think that much of the archaeological/anthropological/ethnographic data/discourse might actually be very useful in providing new insights and directions in the ways that companies today think about how their product relates to the people that are using it.”

After reading this I was a bit gobsmacked – partly because a stranger had overheard a conversation, in Cambridge and was prepared to make such a bold introduction and that it resonated so profoundly with me. I wonder aloud, that as this communication I+We revolution continues, we start to revert to some of this stuff that Patrick our PHD student explains – where objects virtual or not, take on meaning for communities of people? Some communities might be localised, or tight in a geographic area, but equally they might be distributed flung across the globe and connected by passion? I as someone who built their first career in creating meaning and context for 20th Century branded products/services, and saw often, though not always, the vacuity of this exercise, and in a world where 25% of all media will be made by us by 2012 – I suggest there are implications.

As we find and create bonds to things that mean more to us, that could inspire and motivate passionate action, this leaves those that fail to create meaning in a dilemma – it could be a brand (who cares?), or a school, or an organisation, even a government – at least food for thought!

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Thursday, 5th August, 2010

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Everyman An Angel

This headline resonates almost like a haiku and is taken from an article about a company called GrowVC, V=Venture, C=Community.

GrowVC is a venture fund that is funded by a global community – it has been described as a virtual Silicon Valley. In Communities Dominate Brands, we always said the future of business was in the 4C’s of: [1] Commerce, [2] Culture, [3] Community, [4] Connectivity – connecting people up to, and, across each other.

Mike Butcher writes @techCrunch

Grow VC is a new community funding model for technology startups. Here’s how it works: Grow VC will pool 75 per cent of membership fees into a community fund that gets invested back into ‘promising startups’ which are members of the platform. The fund is managed by Grow VC but all the investment decisions are left to members who determine how to invest their portion of the fund into other startup companies that they feel have the most potential. The most successful decision makers get financially rewarded when the community fund begins earning a return on investment. So, if you promote the best companies you make moola.

Joining Grow VC, and the basic features such as building a person profile, are free. Premium features come with subscriptions ranging from $20 to $140 per month, depending on how much money the startup company is seeking or how much the investor is looking to invest. For unlimited service investments, the monthly subscription fee is $90 per month. The fund is aimed at startups that need $10,000 to $1 million USD.

In The Venture Capital Journal July 2010. The Journal tells the story of a start up called Diaspora, which seeking to raise $10k, produced a cheeky video on kickstarter that promoted their, “privacy-aware, personally controlled” social network that allows users to share data on their own terms. This is a key and growing area of debate – the data topic is indeed something I have a perspective on having sat on the board of a data analytics company for 3 years and co-authored a book on the subject.

When Facebook announced plans to change its policy on privacy – Diaspora, partly because it was connected up to the networked went vertical in its fundraising with equates to $200,000 from some 6,400 backer in a few weeks.

Beware the network for those that think only in Straight Lines is my advice. The Journal writes,

For VCs and other professional investors who had previously dismissed crowd funding as a gimmick, Diaspora served as a wake-up call

And of course, the power is in the lowering of the barriers to participation – something that Obama recognised when he raised his mighty campaign war-chest not from the $2000 minimum that some candidates asked as the base price of admission, but the $5′s and the $10′s and the $20′s.

This for me is the power of the networked society, that enables us through network power to re-imagine completely new solutions to what were previously thought to be intractable problems or certain orthodoxies of process. So GrowVC thinks everyman can be an investor angel – that we can all play a role in entrepreneurship and I think they are right.

Here is a presentation that GrowVC put together, and if I were a budding entrepreneur I think I would go check these guys out!

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Monday, 2nd August, 2010

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Language and diversity

This is a question asked by Christine Kenneally. Linguists Nicholas Evans and Stephen Levinson, who argue that languages do not share a common set of rules. And that, this extraordinary range of diversity is a defining feature of human communication.

There are no universal traits, only tendencies says Evans and Levinson. Kenneally writes,

Focusing on language diversity also highlights the tragedy of language extinction. In the old model, all languages are merely variations on the same underlying theme. In the new model, however, each of the worlds 7000 languages contains its own unique clues to some of the mysteries of human existence… in the diversity of the worlds languages we find facts about ancient human history, the path of languages through time, and deep knowledge of the planet.

And what does that mean, from a media and or culture perspective? Well – if we insist on creating a monoculture, don’t we destroy the thing that makes us what we are? Henry Jenkins writing in Joshua Green and Jean Burgess book YouTube makes the observation that, one of the reasons YouTube is so universally successful is that, “we” were ready for YouTube, a means by which we can return to our participatory roots, and, explore and express our unique diversity, which is also part of our identity, perhaps its no accident we live in an age defined by social story telling, culture making, and individual entrepreneurship?

Jane Jacobs argued in The Nature of Economies, that to accept the truth that human nature exists wholly in nature, is difficult for example for economists, industrialists, or politicians – they preferring to believe that human capability, our ability to reason and create things; culture, industry, complex government etc., in ways that the rest of the natural world cannot, seduces us to see ourselves as different to nature, falsely superior.

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